The context

Over the past years, Europe and especially Southern European Countries have faced the largest flow of refugees and immigrants in their recent history. No one can ignore the social controversies, the policy inadequacies and the tragedies that accompany migration as well as the precarious lives that immigrants, asylum seekers and refugees of all ages and genders must endure. They battle to survive in the social margins while their social and human rights are encroached upon. According to the United Nations, it is estimated that there are more than 244 million international migrants living abroad worldwide and at least 21.3 million are refugees, 3.2 million asylum seekers and 65.3 million individuals were forcibly displaced worldwide as a result of persecution, conflict, generalized violence, or human rights violations. Moreover, most of the international migrants are employed, voluntarily or not, in precarious, low status/low-wage jobs and personal services. These jobs are characterized by inequalities in survival and everyday life, inequalities in income and social protection. Due to the way of work and employment, the life of the workforce is at risk, as well as its freedoms and potential for progress and social development. Of these, approximately 45.8 million people are in some form of modern slavery, according to the Walk Free Foundation. Immigrants and refugees have become part of a cheap workforce reserve that is continually renewed while the division of labour prompts and entraps migrants into wage labour and low-status/low-wage jobs, distinguishing them by class, gender, race-nationality and religion and way of entrance into a country. The labour that migrants are exposed to is not only characterized by precarity, low status and low wages, exploitation, flexibility and instability, isolation and individualization, but also by decollectivization, or in other words by alienation from family, community, collective, networks of solidarity and labour rights. Precarious work is employment that lacks all the standard forms of labour security and is characterized by low wages, insecurity, exceptionally limited social benefits and legal rights, and high risks of ill health and creates barriers to labour organization strategies due to the isolated, atomized and non-unionized nature of immigrant employment. The exploitation of the process of migration has taken on the characteristics of forced labour of migrants and asylum seekers, who are deprived of basic human rights and are subjected to social exclusion. The key element inherent in the phenomenon of human trafficking, is the vulnerability they are subject to. The multiple causes, economic, political, social and cultural that activate human trafficking have their roots in the present migration system and relations between the sending and receiving countries. The prevailing restrictive European migration policies, the expansion of the informal economy which affect now all of Europe, the continuous rise of personal and care services and the sex industry and the difficult economic conditions are encouraging phenomena of social pathology such as that of human trafficking.

In this context, the course “2nd Migration Summer School (MIGSS) on Precarious Labour, Human Trafficking, & Social Exclusion in Europe” has been carefully designed and developed to provide participants with a comprehensive understanding of issues regarding precarious labour, human trafficking, and social exclusion of immigrants and refugees and a theoretical and practical understanding of contemporary migration in Europe, with a particular focus on the current situation in Europe. This will be achieved through lectures and discussions led by international professors and experts, as well as through a day of site-visits to facilities and organizations in Athens that support refugees, asylum seekers, and immigrants. This program is organized by the European Law & Governance School, and will operate out of the EPLO’s premises at Sounion, Greece from the 26^th of July to the 1st of August, 2018.

About the course

The“2nd Migration Summer School (MIGSS) on Precarious Labour, Human Trafficking & Social Exclusion in Europe” will be taught by academics and practitioners from European and international universities, institutions and research centers:
Bridget Anderson, Professor of Migration, Mobilities and Citizenship, University of Bristol, United Kingdom.
Giovanna Campani, Professore ordinario, Dipartimento di Scienze Formazione e Psicologia, Pedagogia generale e sociale, Università degli Studi di Firenze (UniFI).(TBC)
Emily Pia,  Political Scientist, Resident Lecture of the ELGS
Iraklis Moskoff, PhD, Greek National Rapporteur on Trafficking in Human Beings, Hellenic Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
Daniel Esdras Special Envoy of the DG of the IOM, Advisor to the Regional Director for the Mediterranean.
Theodoros Fouskas, Sociologist, PhD, Laboratory Associate (2016-2018), Department of Social Work, Technological Educational Institute of Athens, Greece.
Lefteris Papagiannakis, Dep. Mayor for Immigrants, Refugees and Municipal Decentralization Municipality of Athens, Greece.

In conjunction with the seminars, the program includes a day of study visits. Athens provides an ultimate setting for carrying out this program, as Athens comprises the main city of temporary or permanent stay for immigrants and refugees in the country and offers a unique environment that facilitates participants’ deeper engagement.

Participants will be given the unique opportunity to interact with immigrants, refugees and representatives of organizations that provide support to them by conducting a study visit to key locations such as (indicatively):

• Accommodation Center for Migrants and Refugees in Thiva, Central Greece;
• Eleonas Open Reception Facility of Third-Country Nationals, Attica;
• Melissa Network: Network of Migrant Women in Greece, Promoting Empowerment, Communication and Active Citizenship, Athens, Attica;
• G2RED – Accommodation Facility for Unaccompanied Refugee Minors, Athens, Attica;
• Immigrant and Refugee Integration Center of the Municipality of Athens, Athens, Attica.

Certificate

Participants will be awarded a certificate of attendance at the end of the program, after demonstrating their full and active participation throughout the seven-day course. The program does not require any written work to be submitted, nor exams to be taken.

Credits info

8 ECTS : Participants who wish to obtain ECTS will have to submit an essay after the end of the Summer School of approx. 5.000 words on a topic related to the lectures of the MIGSS and supervised by a lecturer of their choice. Deadline for essay submission: 1st September 2018. The best paper wll have the opportunity to submit their paper for publishing in a peer-reviewed journal of the EPLO .

Practical Information:

Accomodation

Students are invited to secure their own accommodation and transportation, or may opt for an accommodation package that is provided through the EPLO. Participants will be accommodated at the seaside premises of the EPLO at Sounion, Greece or at a partner hotel. Accommodation is on a first-come-first-serve basis and students interested in this package should inquire at iskrapa@eplo.int.

Facilities

Classes will take place daily at the seaside premises of the EPLO at Sounion, Greece, except for the day of site visits. Participants will have access to the facilities of the EPLO which include a library, study room, and sports facilities. Students are encouraged to bring a laptop and will be sent relevant reference and reading material via digital means including statistics, maps, reports, scientific articles on immigration and refugee crisis and presentations used by the speakers.

Addressed to:

As this program is interdisciplinary in nature, it is open to all disciplines (such as Sociology, Social Policy, International Relations, Human Rights, Economics et al.) and applicants are welcome from the postgraduate level and up, PhD candidates, researchers, NGOs professionals. Doctoral students and researchers will have the opportunity to present their PhD/research at the PhD Seminar, pending a minimum of five students are enrolled in the seminar.

Cost of the Program: 500€ which covers tuition, light working lunch on a daily basis, and transportation on the day of the site visits.